Balanitis can be caused by various factors, including poor hygiene, irritation from harsh soaps or detergents, fungal or bacterial infections, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), certain skin conditions (such as eczema or psoriasis), and allergic reactions to certain substances (like latex or personal care products). Diabetes, obesity, and a weakened immune system can also increase the risk of developing balanitis.

The symptoms of balanitis can vary but commonly include:

Redness, swelling, and soreness of the glans

Itching or a burning sensation

Pain or discomfort during urination

Discharge from the penis

Foul odor

Tightness of the foreskin (in uncircumcised males)

Difficulty retracting the foreskin

A healthcare provider can diagnose balanitis through a physical examination and medical history review. They may ask about your symptoms, sexual history, hygiene practices, and any recent exposure to potential irritants. In some cases, a swab or sample may be taken from the affected area to determine the cause of the inflammation, such as a fungal or bacterial infection.

The treatment of balanitis depends on the underlying cause. It may include:

Good Hygiene Practices: Keeping the genital area clean and dry, avoiding irritants, and gently washing the penis with warm water and mild soap.

Medications: Topical antifungal or antibiotic creams or ointments may be prescribed to treat fungal or bacterial infections. Corticosteroid creams can help reduce inflammation and itching. Oral medications may be necessary in severe or recurrent cases.

Treating Underlying Conditions: If balanitis is caused by an underlying condition, such as diabetes or a skin condition, managing and treating that condition is important.

Circumcision: In some cases, if recurrent balanitis is a concern, circumcision (removal of the foreskin) may be recommended to reduce the risk of future episodes.

While balanitis cannot always be prevented, certain measures can help reduce the risk of developing the condition. These include:

Practicing Good Hygiene: Regularly washing the genital area with warm water and mild soap, and ensuring thorough drying afterward.

Avoiding Irritants: Using gentle, hypoallergenic soaps and avoiding harsh detergents or personal care products that may cause irritation.

Properly Treating and Managing Underlying Conditions: If you have diabetes or a skin condition, it is important to follow your healthcare provider's recommendations for managing these conditions effectively.

Using Protection During Sexual Activity: Using condoms and practicing safe sex can help reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections that may contribute to balanitis.

It is advisable to seek medical attention if you experience persistent or worsening symptoms of balanitis, or if you notice any signs of infection, such as pus, severe pain, or fever. Additionally, if you have recurrent episodes of balanitis or if your symptoms do not improve with home care measures, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and treatment.

While balanitis itself is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, some causes of balanitis, such as certain bacterial or fungal infections, can be sexually transmitted. It is important to discuss your sexual history with your healthcare provider to determine if further testing or treatment is necessary for potential STIs.

Balanitis can occur in both circumcised and uncircumcised males. However, uncircumcised males may have a slightly higher risk of developing balanitis due to the potential for moisture and bacteria to accumulate under the foreskin.

In most cases, balanitis is a treatable condition that does not lead to serious complications. However, if left untreated or if recurrent episodes occur, complications such as scarring, phimosis (tightening of the foreskin), or secondary skin infections may occur. It is important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications.

Balanitis itself is not typically a sign of cancer. However, certain conditions, such as chronic inflammation or untreated sexually transmitted infections, may increase the risk of developing penile cancer over time. If you have concerns about cancer or notice any unusual changes or growths on the penis, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and advice.